Definitions of Globalisation
-Socialist:
Transformation of local or regional phenomena into global ones. The people of the world are united into a single society and function together.
-Capitalist:
Elimination of state- enforced restrictions on exchanges across borders and the integrated and complex global system of production and exchange.
Process of economic liberalisation.
-Freeing up of the market.
Local and national boundaries collapsing to unify the world as one.
McDonalidization- coined by George Ritzer
-Wide ranging sociocultural processes by which the principles of fast-food restaurants are coming to dominate America and the world.
Principles of fast food
- low skilled, unimportant jobs with low salaries, high profit and no chance of moving up in the job.
Marshall McLuhan- Understanding Media. 1964.
With radio we hear more of the rest of the world and with TV we can see more from the rest of the world.
Increased humanity of the world.
'As electrically contracted, the globe is no more than a village'
-everyone knows each other and empathises.
'The electronic age has healed the entire human family into a single global tribe.' 1968
unfortunately this hasn't happened. Thought businesses would work together.
Centripetal forces- bringing the world together in uniform global society.
Centrifugal forces- tearing the world apart into tribes.
Problems of Globalisation:
-Sovereignty- challenges to the idea of the nation/ state.
-Accountability- transnational forces and organisation- who controls them? no one.
Multi-national companies moving base to avoid legislation that would stop them doing what they're doing.
If the 'global village' is run with a certain set of values then it would not be so much an integrated community as an assimilated one.
Media Conglomerates operate as Oligopolies. American culture spreads to the whole world. Apparently America controls the world...
News corporations divide the world into 'territories' of descending 'market importance.'
Not a global free market, a globalized marked that entirely focusses on America.
Big Brother- global.
India- selling a lot of skin lightening cream- possible because they're constantly surrounded by western images presenting that to be successful or beautiful is to be white.
Chomsky and Herman (1998)
Propaganda Model. 5 basic filters.
-Ownership
-Funding
-Sourcing
-Flak
-Ideology (eg. Anti-Islam)
Ownership- Rupert Murdoch owns
-News of the World (defunked for criminal activity)
-The Sun
-The Sunday times
-The Times
-Fox TV
-BSkyB etc
He knows his influence and takes advantage of that.
The Sun has the influence to persuade people who they should vote for in elections.
- Sourcing
The news is only as good as the access you have to the source. If you do get to interview the important people, you have to present it how they want you to or you'll be out of a job and blackballed so if you tell the truth, no one believes you.
- Funding
Corporations have control over the media because they have money.
They Sun, known for lazily stereotyping people and places to sell/ market to people. brings an idea of us vs them.
Gives people someone to blame for poverty and unemployment other than the government -> 'Blame immigrants'
Flak
-Organised body of people who lobby against organisations and ideas of the world. Global Climate Coalition created by fuel companies with money to lobby against the idea of climate change. It aimed to convince people that climate change wasn't real. Arguing against politicians.
Al Gore 'An inconvenient truth' -suggests global warming is a moral issue, not a political issue. Raising awareness- glaciers melting etc.
Flak groups decided to fight against it because they refused to believe it. Decided it was propaganda and a hoax because they didnt want to lose money by being environmentally friendly. "CO2 is life, not a pollutant"
- Sustainability
-Mass production of anything sustainable is impossible. The two contradict each other.
"Most things are not designed for the needs of the people, but for the needs of the manufacturers."
The story of stuff 2007. Free Range Studios/ Annie Lennard - Animation
Been shown in over 200 countries. 12 million people have seen it.
Very influential, low budget. We can change the world.
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